Fig. 5: a) Layer-by-layer printing of microgel construct with integrated perfusion channel. After printing of the first layer, a hollow perfusion channel is inserted. Subsequently, the second and third layers are printed. b) The construct is directly printed into a perfusion chamber. The perfusion chamber provides whole construct permeation via flows cin and cout, as well as independent flow through the perfusion channel via flows vin and vout. c) Photograph of a perfusion chamber containing the construct directly after printing. The flow of the fluorescein solution through the integrated PVA hollow channel is clearly visible.

Fig. 5: a) Layer-by-layer printing of microgel construct with integrated perfusion channel. After printing
of the first layer, a hollow perfusion channel is inserted. Subsequently, the second and third layers are
printed. b) The construct is directly printed into a perfusion chamber. The perfusion chamber provides
whole construct permeation via flows cin and cout, as well as independent flow through the perfusion
channel via flows vin and vout. c) Photograph of a perfusion chamber containing the construct directly after
printing. The flow of the fluorescein solution through the integrated PVA hollow channel is clearly visible.