Fig. 1. General view of the Ilarion Dam (image from YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKm203f0r_k)

Abstract

The 130 m high Ilarion Dam is built on the Aliakmon River in northern Greece. The dam has two spillways with ski jumps at their ends and a plunge pool to cushion the impact of the jets. This pool has suered signicant scouring during several oods in recent years. In order to determine a reliable protection measure, a 1:55 scale model and a numerical model with FLOW-3D® were created. The hydrodynamic behaviour of the ow in the plunge pool and in the spillways as well as the trajectory of the jets could be determined. The numerical modelling showed that it was probably not the impact of the jet that caused the most of the scouring but the resulting recirculation current. The ow in the plunge pool is thus highly asymmetric and a vortex forms when only one of the two spillways is operating. This vortex results in an eective ow rate in the basin that is three times greater than the ow rate from the spillway. A simple solution to this problem is to operate both spillways symmetrically. A modication of the geometry of the ski jump bucket to increase the impact surface of the jet and thus reduce its scouring potential was also investigated.

Auteur(e)s : Romain Van Mol
Encadrement : Dr Giovanni De Cesare 1

1 Plateforme de Constructions Hydrauliques (PL-LCH), EPFL

130m 높이의 Ilarion 댐은 북부 그리스의 Aliakmon 강에 건설되었습니다. 댐에는 끝에 스키 점프가 있는 2개의 여수로와 제트기의 충격을 완충하는 플런지 풀이 있습니다. 이 웅덩이는 최근 몇 년 동안 상당한 수질 피해를 입었습니다. 신뢰할 수 있는 보호 조치를 결정하기 위해 1:55 스케일 모델과 FLOW-3D®를 사용한 수치 모델이 생성되었습니다. 플런지 풀과 여수로에서의 유류의 유체역학적 거동과 제트의 궤적이 결정될 수 있었습니다. 수치 모델링은 아마도 대부분의 정련을 일으킨 제트의 영향이 아니라 결과적인 재순환 전류임을 보여주었습니다. 따라서 플런지 풀의 흐름은 매우 비대칭이며 두 개의 배수로 중 하나만 작동할 때 소용돌이가 형성됩니다. 이 와류는 배수로의 유량보다 3배 더 큰 유역의 유효 유량을 초래합니다. 이 문제에 대한 간단한 해결책은 양쪽 배수로를 대칭적으로 운영하는 것입니다. 제트기의 충돌 표면을 증가시키고 이에 따라 세척 가능성을 줄이기 위해 스키 점프 버킷의 기하학적 구조를 수정하는 것도 조사되었습니다.

Fig. 1. General view of the Ilarion Dam (image from YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKm203f0r_k)
Fig. 1. General view of the Ilarion Dam (image from YouTube
Fig. 2. Topography before the 2013 flood (left) and after the 2015 flood (right)
Fig. 2. Topography before the 2013 flood (left) and after the 2015 flood (right)
Fig. 3. Top view of the velocity vectors at 293.5 m.a.s.l. for a total discharge of 500 m3 /s with only one spillway operational (left) and with two spillways operational (right); the water is coloured according to its velocity in m/s
Fig. 3. Top view of the velocity vectors at 293.5 m.a.s.l. for a total discharge of 500 m3 /s with only one spillway operational (left) and with two spillways operational (right); the water is coloured according to its velocity in m/s

Conclusions

The two spillways of the Ilarion Dam in Greece were studied by numerical modelling with FLOW-3D®. The study focused on the hydrodynamic behaviour of the flow in the plunge pool. It was found that the recirculation current in the plunge pool is a problematic phenomenon. This creates an effective discharge more than 3 times larger than the one expected. A simple and cost-effective solution is to operate the spillways symmetrically. However, this may not always be possible for any given flood discharge. Indeed, the opening range of the gates may be limited for reasons of operability or vibration of the gates.

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